Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Vocational Education

(Adopted at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress on May 20, 2004; revised at the 7th Session of the Standing Committee of the 15th Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress on November 22, 2018)

Chapter I   General Provisions

Article 1

With a view to developing vocational education, perfecting the modern vocational education system, cultivating high-quality laborers and skillful technical talents, serving the strategy of reinvigorating China through science and education, strengthening the nation through human resource and innovation-driven development, and serving the economic and social development, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Vocational Education and other relevant laws, administrative regulations, and in the light of this Municipality’s actual circumstances.

Article 2

These Regulations apply to the vocational school education, occupational training, and relevant administrative activities thereof in the administrative area of this Municipality.

The specialized training carried out by State organs for their functionaries shall follow the laws, administrative regulations and other relevant provisions of this Municipality.

Article 3

The vocational education shall implement the educational policy of the State, adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adhere to the socialist school-running orientation, take glorifying morality and cultivating people as the fundamental task, and cultivate and practice the socialist core values.

The vocational education shall conform to the direction of vocational education reform and industrial development, deepen the industry–education integration, and school-enterprise cooperation, carry forward the spirit of craftsmanship, raise the laborers’, professional ethics, cultural quality, employment and production capability, and their comprehensive ability of occupational transfer, innovation and entrepreneurship, and provide technical talents support to raise this Municipality’s capacity level and core competitiveness.

Article 4

This Municipality shall establish and perfect a vocational education system that is compatible with the economic and social development, combines talent cultivation with labor employment, lays equal stress on vocational school education and occupational training, dovetails secondary and higher vocational education, and carries out mutual communication and coordinated development with other educations, deeply integrates production and education, and embodies the concept of life-long education.

Article 5

This Municipality shall establish and perfect a system for running vocational education in a multivariate way with the government as the leading factor and with enterprises and institutions, social organizations, other mass groups and individual citizens as participants.

Article 6

The municipal and district people’s governments shall include the development of vocational education in the overall planning of national economy and social development, establish and perfect the joint meeting system of vocational education, and strengthen the leadership, overall consideration and coordination, superintendence and appraisal of the vocational education work, so as to guide, support and promote the development of vocational education.

The municipal administrative department of education shall be in charge of this Municipality’s vocational school education and the work of occupational training focused on cultural education.  The municipal human resources and social security department shall be in charge of this Municipality’s work of occupational training focused on vocational skills. District education administration, human resources and social security departments shall, in accordance with their prescribed duties, do a good job in the administration of vocational school education and vocational training.

Other relevant administrative departments shall, in accordance with their own duties, do a good job of the administrative work relating to vocational education accordingly.

The municipal and district education administration, human resources and social security and other relevant administrative departments shall strengthen cooperation, improve coordination, and establish information communication, resource sharing and other cooperation mechanisms.

Article 7

The competent department of every trade shall perform its duty of coordination and professional guidance in the vocational education of its own trade.

Trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and disabled persons' federations and other organizations shall assist in the development of vocational education.

Trade organizations shall guide and encourage enterprises and vocational schools to carry out school-enterprise cooperation, give full play to their advantages such as the industry resources, technology, and information, and participate in the evaluation of school-enterprise cooperation projects, vocational skill appraisal and related management work; they may also accept the authorization of the competent government department or the competent department of the trade to carry out the work such as the forecast of the trade’s human resources, and the making of the planning for vocational education and training.

Article 8

This Municipality shall establish and perfect the mechanism of multi-channel fund raising for vocational education.

The municipal and district people's governments shall increase the financial support for vocational education, further improve the investment mechanism for vocational education in accordance with the needs of the reform and development of vocational education, reasonably determine and timely raise the relevant funding and investment level, and ensure the sustained and stable growth of financial investment for vocational education.

This Municipality shall encourage enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other mass groups and individual citizens to contribute investments into the vocational education undertaking.

The arrangement and use of the vocational education funds by the municipal and district education administration, human resources and social security, finance and other departments shall follow the principle of openness, fairness and rationality.

Article 9

The municipal and district people’s governments shall adopt measures to help women receive vocational education, organize the unemployed people to receive various forms of vocational education, and support the development of vocational education for the disabled.

Article 10

This Municipality shall carry out the implementation of the national framework system for educational qualifications, and promote the dovetail of vocational education’s academic achievement with other types of academic achievement.

Article 11

The municipal and district people's governments shall support the development of vocational education research, technological innovation competition, technique and skill competition and vocational experience activities.

Article 12

The municipal and district people’s governments shall commend and reward the units and individual persons that have made outstanding contributions in vocational education.

Chapter II   Vocational School Education

Article 13

The vocational school education in this Municipality shall be mainly implemented by secondary and higher vocational schools.

The secondary vocational school education shall be implemented by vocational senior high schools, technical schools, ordinary secondary special schools, adult secondary special schools, etc..

The higher vocational school education shall be a multi-level education including 2-year undergraduate, undergraduate and postgraduate education, which shall be mainly implemented by higher vocational institutions, application-oriented undergraduate colleges and professional degree postgraduate colleges/universities in accordance with needs and conditions.

Legally established private vocational schools shall have the same legal status as public vocational schools.

Article 14

The municipal and district people’s governments shall run vocational schools that give play to their effect of mainstay and example. And the trade competent department shall run well the vocational school affiliated to it.

An enterprise, institution, social organization, other mass group or individual citizen may, in accordance with the State provisions, run a vocational school.

The sponsor of a vocational school may run the school independently or jointly. The sponsors who jointly run a school shall sign a contract for the joint running.

Article 15

A trade competent department, a trade organization, an enterprise or an institution may entrust a school to carry out corresponding vocational school education. In that case, a contract of the entrustment shall be signed.

Article16

The establishment of a higher vocational institution shall be examined and approved by the Municipal People’s Government.

The establishment of a secondary vocational school shall be examined and approved by the district educational administrative department at the locality where such school is situated and shall be reported to the municipal educational administration department for the record.

Article 17

The establishment of a vocational school shall meet the following requirements:

1. having an organizational setup and rules;

2. having qualified teachers;

3. having teaching sites in compliance with the set standards and having facilities and equipment matching the vocational education; and

4. having necessary school-running funds and stable funding sources.

Article 18

An applicant for running a vocational school shall submit the following materials to the examining and approving organ:

1. an application report mainly including such contents as the sponsor, cultivation goals, the levels and forms of running school, the raising, management and use of funds;

2. school rules;

3. certificate of school assets; and

4. qualification certificates of the principal and teachers.

Where it is otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall apply.

Article 19

In the event of applying for the establishment of a secondary vocational school, the examining and approving organ shall, within three months upon the acceptance, decide in writing whether to approve or not, and shall have the decision delivered to the applicant. In the event of applying for the establishment of a higher vocational institution, the examining and approving organ shall, within six months upon the acceptance, decide in writing whether to approve or not, and shall have the decision delivered to the applicant.

The examining and approving organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, issue a school-running license to the approved vocational school. The vocational school that has obtained the school-running license shall go through the legal person registration formalities.

The examining and approving organ shall publish the vocational school that has obtained the approval for establishment to the public through the government website or other means.

Article 20

A vocational school whose sponsor is changed or that is split up, merged or terminated shall undergo the liquidation procedures in accordance with law.

A vocational school shall apply to the examining and approving organ when its name, level, category, address or sponsor is changed, or it is split up, merged or terminated. With respect to a secondary vocational school, the examining and approving organ shall give a reply in writing within three months upon the acceptance of the application, or with respect to a higher vocational institution, within six months upon the acceptance of the application. In the event of a termination of a vocational school, arrangement for the students on campus shall be properly made. The terminated vocational school shall complete the formalities for registration cancellation with the original examining and approving organ, which shall recover the school-running license and destroy the seal and stamp.

Where there is remaining property after paying off the debts born by the vocational school, such property shall be handled in accordance with relevant State provisions

Article 21

A vocational school shall independently run the school according to its rules and implement the management according to law.

A vocational school shall establish and perfect the organization forms like staff representative conference and support teachers and students to participate in the school management according to law and school rules.

A vocational school shall establish an industry inquiry and consultation mechanism, and take in representatives of the industry and enterprises to participate in the deliberation of major school issues.

Article 22

The municipal education administrative department shall, jointly with the municipal human resources and social security department, formulate a professional development plan for vocational education in accordance with the needs of economic and social development and the direction of industrial development, and in combination with the opinions of the trade competent departments, trade organizations, enterprises and vocational schools, so as to guide vocational schools to scientifically set up and dynamically adjust the professional education subjects.

A vocational school shall, in accordance with the requirements of subject-setting up conforming to the demands of the industry, curriculum contents conforming to the professional standards, and teaching process meeting the production process, set up and adjust the subjects, and enhance the adaptability of the subjects of the vocational education.

Article 23

A vocational school shall conduct educational and instructional research, develop courses and compile teaching materials that have vocational education characteristics, embody new knowledge, new technologies, new techniques, new methods, and feature traditional workmanship and techniques with local specialty.

A vocational school shall complete instructional tasks in accordance with the requirements of the teaching plan and teaching syllabus innovate teaching contents and methods, organize practice teaching and intensify the employment counseling to students.

A vocational school shall use the internet and information technology, promote the information construction of vocational education, and raise the quality of vocational education.

Article 24

Students of a vocational school shall participate in practical training and on-post internship as required by the teaching plan.

The municipal and district people’s governments shall strengthen the construction of public practical training bases, encourage enterprises and trade organizations to participate in the construction of public practical training bases, and support vocational schools to run practical training and fieldwork bases.

A vocational school that runs a fieldwork base may enjoy preferential tax policy provided by the State. Enterprises run by vocational schools with the main purpose of serving students' practical training and internship may, from the income of their business activities, allocate labor allowances and other expenses for students' practice related to production and operation.

Article 25

Practical training sites, courses, teachers and other educational resources in vocational schools shall be open to ordinary primary and secondary schools.

Ordinary primary and secondary schools shall carry out vocational enlightenment education through vocational experience activities and/or other forms.

An ordinary secondary school may set up vocational education courses such as career education, labor skills and vocational technology in accordance with the local conditions, or according to needs, add appropriate teaching contents of vocational education to relevant teaching courses to create conditions for ordinary secondary school students to receive basic vocational education.

A secondary vocational school shall offer its students the education of cultural knowledge at senior high school level while implementing vocational knowledge and diversified skill training.

The secondary vocational school education and the ordinary senior high school education may implement a mutual recognition of learning achievements and an integration of curriculum.

Article 26

This Municipality shall establish and perfect a dovetailed multi-level training system of vocational school education from the secondary, 2-year undergraduate,, undergraduate up to the postgraduate education, and gradually increase the proportion and scale of higher vocational institutions’ recruiting graduates from secondary vocational schools, application-oriented undergraduate colleges’ recruiting graduates from secondary vocational schools and graduates from 2-year undergraduate higher vocational institutions.

This Municipality shall adopt a system of recommending the outstanding secondary vocational school graduates to enter a higher vocational institution.

This Municipality shall explore to establish a credit transfer system between higher vocational institutions and ordinary institutions of higher learning.

Article 27

The Municipal People’s Government shall, in accordance with this Municipality’s social and economic development level, determine the basic expenditure standard of the per-capita funding for public vocational school students.

The standards prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be worked out by the municipal finance department jointly with the municipal education administrative department, and shall be published and implemented upon approval by the Municipal People's Government.

Article 28

The sponsor of a public vocational school shall allocate and pay in full the vocational education funds that are not lower than the basic expenditure standard of the per-capita funding for this Municipality’s students of the public vocational schools.

The sponsor of a private vocational school shall fully guarantee the school-running funds of the school.

The sponsor shall, in accordance with the authorized school scale, arrange and ensure the need of vocational school’s capital construction funds.

Article 29

The urban educational fee addition shall be used for vocational education according to the proportion prescribed in the provisions.

Article 30

This Municipality shall encourage the financial institutions to apply the means of credit to support and develop vocational school education.

Where a higher vocational institution student acquires a student-aid loan from a financial institution, the government shall grant the student the same interest-subsidized treatment as enjoyed by an ordinary college student.

Chapter III   Occupational Training

Article 31

The occupational training shall include pre-employment training, trade-change training, apprentice training, on-the-job training, job-transfer training, entrepreneurship training and other occupational training on culture or skill, and the occupational training may be classified into special ability, primary, secondary, higher, technician and senior technician in accordance with actual circumstances.

The occupational training shall be implemented by enterprises, institutional units, trade organizations, vocational schools or occupational training agencies.

Article 32

An enterprise or institution shall, in accordance with its own development and the requirements of the post, draw up and organize to implement the occupational training planning and annual plan for its staff and workers, and carry out vocational training for its employees such as on-the-job training, master worker-apprentice training, job-transfer training, skill learning and training, etc.

Encourage enterprises to establish vocational training institutions to carry out vocational training. An enterprise or institution may rely on the chief technician studio, skill master studio,  model worker and craftsman talent innovation studio to carry out vocational training for its employees.

An enterprise or institution may entrust a school or an occupational training agency to conduct the occupational training for its staff and workers. In that case, a contract of the entrustment shall be signed.

Article 33

This Municipality shall support enterprises, trade organizations and industrial parks with good-enough conditions to build up high-skilled personnel training bases, and to carry out skill training, talent evaluation, competition and exchange, teacher training and other work for the needs of society, so as to drive relevant enterprises to carry out their employee’s vocational training and to give full play to the exemplary and guiding role of the skilled personnel training.

Article 34

This Municipality shall establish a public service platform of vocational training for enterprise employees, so as to provide docking services of vocational training for enterprises without the training capabilities for their employees.

The municipal and district people's governments may purchase training services to help workers improve their labor skills and employment capability.

The public practical training bases set up with the government investment shall be open to the public.

Article 35

An enterprise, institution, social organization, other mass group or individual citizen may, in accordance with the State provisions, run an occupational training agency. The sponsor may independently or jointly run such an agency. In the event of the joint running, the sponsors shall sign a contract of joint running.

The establishment, alteration and termination of an occupational training agency that carries out tutorial for self-learners examination or other literate education shall be examined and approved by the district educational administrative department.

The establishment, alteration and termination of an occupational training agency that carries out mainly occupational skill training shall be examined and approved by the district human resources and social security department.

Article 36

The establishment of an occupational training agency shall meet the following requirements:

1. having an organizational setup and a management system;

2. having teachers and managers that correspond with the training tasks;

3. having sites, facilities and equipment fitting with the training activities; and

4. having corresponding funds.

Article 37

The specific requirements of the establishment and the examination and approval procedures of an occupational training agency shall be implemented by the educational administrative department and the human resources and social security department according to their respective limits of authority and in accordance with the relevant provisions for the establishment, examination and approval of the occupational training agency in this Municipality.

The examining and approving organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, issue a school-running license to the approved occupational training agency. The occupational training agency that has obtained the school-running license shall, in accordance with law, go through the formalities of the legal person registration.

The examining and approving organ shall publish the occupational training agency that is approved for establishment to the public through the government website or other means.

Article 38

An occupational training agency shall draw up a training plan and conduct occupational training according to the training plan, and shall not arbitrarily reduce the training contents or training hours.

A student who has received the occupational training and passed the examination shall, in accordance with relevant State provisions, obtain a corresponding training certificate.

Article 39

The municipal human resources and social security department shall provide occupational training agencies with the labor market demand information, and guide the occupational training agencies to offer specialized subjects in a rational way.

An occupational training agency shall strengthen its contact with the employer-units, and establish a mechanism that the training agencies have close contact with the labor market.

Article 40

This Municipality shall implement a life-long learning mechanism for employee that combines vocational training and academic education, establish a credit transfer system for vocational education academic certificates, vocational skill evaluation certificates and courses in adult colleges, and promote a mutual recognition between vocational education’s academic education and non-academic education.

An occupational training agency may flexibly customize the teaching contents and arrange the teaching hours in accordance with the actual needs of enterprises and employees, carry out the activities of bringing teaching services into industry parks and enterprises, or provide vocational training services for enterprises through online learning platforms.

An enterprise may, in accordance with the actual situation, formulate measures for the skill factors and innovation achievements to participate in the profit distribution so as to reflect the incentive orientation of the value of skills, to guide employees to participate actively in the vocational training and to upgrade their skill level.

Article 41

The municipal and district people's governments shall increase their support for innovation and entrepreneurship training, and encourage vocational schools, occupational training agencies, entrepreneurship training centers, and business incubators to carry out entrepreneurship awareness education, innovation quality training, innovation project guidance, business start-up guidance, enterprise management and other training, so as to enhance the innovation and entrepreneurship capability.

Article 42

The municipal and district people's governments shall develop vocational training for rural areas, support peasants’ professional cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, family farms, vocational schools and occupational training agencies to carry out practical rural skills training for agricultural employees, accelerate the training of new-type professional peasants, and raise the level of peasants’ vocational skills.

Article 43

The municipal and district people's governments shall coordinate the use of employment subsidy funds, unemployment insurance funds and additional special funds for local education to support and promote the vocational training.

Qualified high-skilled personnel training bases, chief technician studios, skill master studios, model worker and craftsman talent innovation studios may receive special funding support in accordance with regulations.

Article 44

An enterprise shall fully withdraw the vocational education funds in the proportion of 1.5% of its employees’ payroll; an enterprise with high skill requirements on employees, large amount of training consumables, heavy training tasks and better economic returns may make a withdraw at 2.5%, which is charged to the cost expenditure. The part of the education expenses incurred by the enterprise that does not exceed 8% of the total wages and salaries may be deducted when calculating the taxable income of the enterprise income tax; the excess may be carried forward and deducted in future tax years.

Occupational training funds shall be used for the special purpose only, and the proportion used for vocational education and training of the front-line employees shall not be less than 60%.

An enterprise shall report the withdraw and use of occupational training funds to the workers congress (general membership meeting) or the trade union, publish the report periodically, and subject to the inspection and supervision by the finance competent department, the workers congress (general membership meeting) and the trade union.

Chapter IV  School-Enterprise Cooperation

Article 45

Vocational schools and enterprises shall follow the principles of equality and voluntariness, resource sharing, mutual benefit and common development, and cooperate in the aspects of personnel training, technological innovation, employment and entrepreneurship, social services, cultural heritage, ,etc., through joint cultivation of talents, cooperative research, joint organization building and resource sharing.

Article 46

Vocational schools shall formulate school-enterprise cooperation plans and establish educational and teaching organization methods and management systems that meet the requirements of school-enterprise cooperation.

Vocational schools shall, according to their own specialty and the needs of personnel training take the initiative to cooperate with the enterprises having the suitable conditions, provide required courses, teachers and other resources for the cooperative enterprises, and support their human resource development and technical upgrading.

Article 47

This Municipality shall support and guide enterprises to participate in vocational schools’ subject planning, teaching material development, teaching design, curriculum setting, and practical training, etc..

Encourage enterprises to set up vocational education scholarships to reward outstanding teachers and students in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State and this Municipality.

Article 48

Vocational schools and enterprises may jointly build up agencies for the practical training with the function of production and teaching, the development of technical process and product , the innovation and entrepreneurship of the students, the cultivation and training of teachers, the vocational training, and the appraisal of skills.

This Municipality shall, in accordance with the needs of training high-skilled talents, set up technician colleges in qualified application-oriented undergraduate colleges/universities and vocational schools.

Article 49

Vocational schools shall establish a system for students and teachers to practice in enterprises, and organize and manage students' practice and teachers' practice jointly with enterprises in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State and this Municipality.

Enterprises and institutions shall arrange necessary teachers for the students who take up their posts, provide corresponding labor protection conditions and give appropriate subsidies.

Enterprises shall provide conditions and convenience for the practice and training of teachers engaged in vocational education, so as to strengthen the training of teachers' technical ability in vocational schools.

Article 50

Vocational schools, internship units and students should sign internship agreements to clarify their rights and obligations in internship activities.

Internship units shall not arrange students to practice in bars, cabaret and other business entertainment places; and not arrange underage students and female students to practice in positions prohibited by laws and regulations.

Except certain relevant professional and internship positions that have special requirements and have been reported to the relevant competent departments for the record, the internship unit shall not arrange students to engage in high altitude, underground and other high safety risks of internship; working overtime, night shift or practice on legal holidays shall not be arranged for students.

Article 51

This Municipality shall establish and perfect an internship insurance system for students in vocational schools. Vocational schools and internship units shall insure internship students with internship liability insurance, and perfect the mechanism for protecting students' rights and interests.

To encourage internship units to purchase personal accident insurance for internship students, the relevant funds may be charged from the unit’s cost expense (charge).

Article 52

Vocational schools may rely on apprenticeship positions set up by enterprises with the ability to train skilled talent to carry out joint enrollment and joint training to raise students' skills by combining work with study.

Enterprises may cooperate with vocational schools and occupational training agencies in training the newly employed and transferred personnel for skilled posts, and jointly train employees through such forms as double-teacher training, work-study alternation training, off-job or part-time training, etc..

Article 53

Education, human resources and social security as well as the relevant departments in charge of the industry shall formulate policies and measures to encourage and support vocational schools and relevant enterprises and trade organizations to jointly form multi-subject vocational education groups or other forms of industrial and educational associations in accordance with law.

The vocational education group shall, by means of rules or multi-party agreements, stipulate the cooperation methods, contents, rights and obligations and other items among the group members.

Article 54

The municipal education, human resources and social security, and economic information departments shall, in conjunction with the trade competent departments, trade organizations, co-ordinate the establishment of a production and education integration information service platform, periodically publish information on industry development trends, talent demands, school resources and other information, guide and assist vocational schools and related enterprises to establish cooperative relations.

Article 55

This Municipality shall establish an enterprises evaluation system for their school-enterprise cooperation, which gives recognition and financial support to enterprises that have achieved remarkable results in school-enterprise cooperation. The specific measures shall be formulated by the municipal education administrative department jointly with the municipal human resources and social security and finance departments.

This Municipality shall support public vocational schools to purchase vocational education courses independently developed by enterprises and reflecting the needs of industrial development by means of government purchasing services.

Reasonable expenses actually incurred by an enterprise in receiving students' internship and related to its income shall be deducted when calculating taxable income in accordance with the provisions of tax laws.

Chapter V Related Management System

Article 56

Fees for secondary vocational academic education, and public higher vocational academic  education shall implement the government guidance price; while fees for private higher vocational academic education and vocational training shall implement the market regulated price.

Vocational schools and occupational training agencies shall publicize the charging items, charging standards and other charging information.

Article 57

The educational superintendence departments under the municipal and district people’s governments shall exercise supervision, inspection, evaluation and direction on the vocational education work within their respective administrative areas and shall publish the superintendence results to the public.

The municipal education administrative department and the municipal human resources and social security department shall periodically organize, or entrust social intermediary agencies to evaluate vocational schools’ and occupational training agencies’ school-running level, educational quality, school-enterprise cooperation and the protection of students' rights and interests, ,and publish the evaluation results to the public.

The main contents of the quality evaluation of vocational education shall be whether the vocational education meets the industrial development direction, industrial standards and job requirements, and whether it is combined with the actual needs of the industry, enterprises and the educated.

Vocational schools and occupational training agencies shall issue annual reports on the quality of vocational education and accept social supervision.

The operational situation of enterprises’ vocational education shall be included in the enterprises’ social responsibility report.

Article 58

Teachers in vocational schools and occupational training agencies shall take morality as the first priority, love their posts and work hard, obtain corresponding teacher qualifications in accordance with law, and have corresponding professional theoretical knowledge and practical operation skills.

Vocational schools and occupational training agencies may, in accordance with the specialties of their vocational education and the needs of professional skills training, employ professional and technical personnel, senior technical workers, personnel with special skills and teachers from other educational agencies to teach in their schools.

The municipal and district organization departments shall dynamically adjust the staffing of public vocational schools in accordance with the development and school-running scale of vocational schools. A certain proportion of the staffing of public vocational schools shall be used to employ qualified high-skilled talents from industrial enterprises as teachers.

Article 59

The municipal and district education administrative departments shall, in accordance with the needs of the development of vocational education, formulate the training plan for the teaching staff of vocational education and include it into the overall planning for the construction of the teaching staff.

Vocational schools shall carry out standardized pre-job training for new teachers; and periodically arrange professional subject teachers engaged in vocational education and internship guidance teachers to practice in relevant enterprises or front-line production services.

Article 60

This Municipality shall establish and perfect a system of evaluation and appointment of teachers' professional titles (positions) and a system of management of professional and technical posts in line with the specialties of vocational education, and rationally optimize and dynamically adjust the teachers’ structural proportion of professional and technical posts in vocational schools.

The standards of teachers' qualification and the evaluation and appointment methods of the professional and technical titles (positions) for vocational schools shall be formulated by the municipal education administrative department and the municipal human resources and social security department.

Article 61

This Municipality shall establish and perfect an income distribution system that conforms to the educational specialties of the vocational education. In accordance with the principle of combining incentives and constraints, and in combination with the actual situation of vocational schools in carrying out education and teaching, social training and technical services, this Municipality shall scientifically appraise and decide the total performance salary for public vocational schools, and establish a normal growth mechanism.

The average income level of secondary vocational school teachers shall be equivalent to that of ordinary senior high school teachers.

Public vocational schools shall independently determine the performance salary distribution plan within the total performance salary.

Article 62

This Municipality shall establish and perfect a professional competence-oriented and performance-focused evaluation system for skilled talents, stressing on the fostering of the craftsman spirit and the cultivation of professional ethics, and shall implement diversified evaluation methods for the professional qualification appraisal, professional skill grade identification, and special professional competence assessment. For workers who pass the evaluation, corresponding vocational qualification certificates, vocational skill grade certificates, special vocational ability certificates and other skill evaluation certificates shall be issued to them in accordance with law.

This Municipality shall establish a dovetail system among professional qualifications, professional skill grades and professional titles to open up a channel for the professional development of high-skilled talents and engineering and technical talents.

Article 63

This Municipality shall implement a system of laying equal stress on academic certificates and skill evaluation certificates. Through the integration of professional teaching standards with vocational skill standards, the integration of educational curriculum evaluation methods and vocational skill evaluation methods, this Municipality shall establish and perfect a mutual recognition mechanism for the transfer of skill evaluation and learning achievements, thus to realize the linking up and connection between the academic education and vocational training.

Article 64

This Municipality shall establish and perfect a vocational skill competition system. The municipal and district people's governments and relevant administrative departments, enterprises, trade organizations and mass organizations may organize vocational skill competitions at different levels, in different regions and different industries, and encourage employees of enterprises and teachers and students of vocational schools to actively participate in the competitions.

The municipal and district people's governments and relevant administrative departments shall commend and reward the winners of the skill competition, the technical guidance team and the units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the work of the skill competition.

Article 65

This Municipality shall promote foreign exchanges and co-operations in vocational education, encourage the introduction of overseas high-quality educational resources that meet the requirements of the State and this Municipality, and support the mutual recognition of vocational education background and vocational qualifications with other countries and regions; and shall encourage vocational schools, industry organizations and enterprises to participate in the formulation of international standards for vocational education.

Vocational schools and occupational training agencies that organize overseas vocational training institutions, carry out overseas staff training, take in overseas students and jointly build up high-level production- teaching-research platforms shall be supported in accordance with relevant regulations.

Overseas occupational qualification authentication agencies shall be encouraged to carry out the relevant authentication business according to law. The human resources and social security department shall be responsible for the administration of overseas occupational qualification certificates as prescribed by relevant State provisions.

Overseas organizations and individuals with the intention of running vocational schools and occupational training agencies in this Municipality shall go through the formalities in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State and this Municipality.

Article 66

This Municipality shall implement a labor reserve system to carry out occupational training before employment and before getting on post for junior and senior high school graduates who fail to be admitted to a higher-level school.

This Municipality shall establish youth learn-on-the-job bases and the government shall organize the youths of the right age who volunteer to enter their name to receive on-the-post training for job skills at the youth learn-on-the-job bases before employment or entrepreneurship.

Youth learn-on-the-job bases, trainees and teaching staff shall enjoy subsidies in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Municipality.

Article 67

With respect to the occupation (profession) over which the employment access control is executed as prescribed by the State, the employer-unit shall make the recruitment from the persons who have obtained corresponding occupational qualification certificates.

With respect to the occupation (profession) over which the State does not prescribe to execute the employment access control, the employer-unit is encouraged to make the recruitment first from the persons who have received corresponding occupational training.

Chapter VI   Legal Liability

Article 68

With respect to any act done in violation against the provisions of these Regulations, where there are handling provisions in the Education Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Non-Government-Run Education and other relevant laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall apply.

Article 69

Any vocational school, occupational training agency, or other unit or individual engaged in vocational education that infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of a student/trainee in the vocational education activities shall bear the legal liability in accordance with law.

Article 70

Personnel from the education department, human resources and social security department and other administrative departments who neglect their duties, abuse their power, engage in malpractice for personal gains shall be given disciplinary sanctions by relevant units in accordance with law. If the wrongful acts constitute a crime, the wrongdoer shall be prosecuted for his/her criminal liability as provided by law.

Chapter VII   Supplementary Provision

Article 71

These Regulations shall be effective as of March 1, 2019.