As the flu season is underway, many who have already received their flu shots are wondering whether there is still a need to stock up on antiviral medications, and if so, which ones are recommended, and how should they be used?

Vaccination: The first line of defense

Medical experts stress that vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure. Cao Qing, an infectious disease specialist at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center, compared it to wearing a seatbelt that can be lifesaving in critical moments.

The vaccine significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and mortality, she said. Cao emphasized that injectable vaccines contain inactivated virus and will not cause the flu, while minor side effects such as brief low-grade fever are normal immune responses, she added.

As flu viruses mutate annually, last year's shot may not 'recognize' this year's strain, making yearly vaccination essential for updated protection, said Cao.

Antiviral medications

For those who contract the flu, timely antiviral treatment is essential. According to the Expert Consensus on Rational Use of Antiviral Drugs for Influenza (2025 Version) released by the National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and other institutions, two preferred medicines are oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil.

Oseltamivir acts like a gatekeeper, preventing newly formed virus particles from leaving infected cells and spreading, explained Qin Feng, a pediatrician at Renji Hospital.

Baloxavir marboxil works as a disruptor by stopping viral replication early and blocking the production of new viruses, said Qin. In simple terms, oseltamivir intercepts viruses that have already formed, while baloxavir marboxil prevents their formation, and the two combat influenza at different stages.

The choice depends on age and individual factors. "Children under five should preferentially choose oseltamivir, as baloxavir is not yet approved for this age group," said Qin. For patients five and older who meet weight requirements, either option may be considered.

Antiviral drugs should ideally be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset for high-risk groups to reduce complications and severity.

Please note that any medication should be taken only under the guidance of a professional healthcare provider and never through self-medication.

Source: Jiefang Daily