Shikumen neighbourhoods are unique architectural treasures in Shanghai, which evolved by blending traditional Jiangnan-style residences from the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with Western influences.

These distinctive longtangs, neighborhoods of lanes populated by houses, feature a compact layout and rational use of space, making them both aesthetically pleasing and functional.

An alley in Shanghai built using shikumen architecture is bathed in sunlight, showcasing the timeless charm of tradition, where every corner tells a story. [Photo/WeChat account: shhplyj]

The historical background behind the emergence of shikumen neighbourhoods dates back to the mid-19th century when conflicts and uprisings drove an influx of refugees into the Shanghai concession area.

To address the housing demand, shikumen architecture, characterized by brick and wooden structures, emerged as a safer alternative to the previously built wooden buildings.

The construction techniques of shikumen neighbourhoods hold high artistic value, inheriting the traditional axis-oriented layout of Jiangnan residences. The exterior features unpainted brick walls and tiled roofs, creating a clean and simple aesthetic. The compact layout includes a central entrance, followed by skylights, living rooms, side wings, staircases, kitchens and rear exits.

Moreover, the construction process is intricate, involving both project management and building construction. Skilled craftsmen, recruited from the local community, played a crucial role in the complicated decorative processes such as wood, stone and brick carving.

Thanks to these elements, shikumen neighbourhoods were recognized as the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage in the city's Huangpu district in May 2011.

Several large clusters of shikumen housing, such as Shude Li, the site of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Yuyang Li and Bugao Li, have been designated as key national cultural relics. These locations witnessed important historical events and served as residences for political and cultural figures, contributing to the cultural and political movements of early 20th-century China.

Shude Li, located at No 76 Xingye Road, is a historic treasure dating back to 1910. It boasts noteworthy features including a two-storey shikumen design and a semi-circular carved stone lintel. [Photo/WeChat account: shhplyj]

In recent years, some shikumen neighbourhoods have been adapted to modern needs while preserving their original facades. For instance, Tianzi Fang on Taikang Road has transformed into a cultural and creative district, attracting tourists with its blend of traditional and contemporary elements.

Tianzi Fang: A fantastic spot for leisurely strolls and shopping in Shanghai. [Photo/WeChat account: shhplyj]